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Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]><![endif]--> </p>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">A VLAN is a switched network that is logically segmented (Logical Network) with a common set of requirements, independent of physical location. VLANs have the same attributes as a physical LAN but allow us to group end stations. Any switch port can belong to a VLAN, and unicast, broadcast, and multicast packets are forwarded and flooded only to end stations in the VLAN.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">VLANs are usually associated with IP subnetworks. Traffic between VLANs must be routed. LAN port VLAN membership is assigned manually on a port by port basis.</span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></p>
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<td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ouwq2OISMQI/Uz5sncekscI/AAAAAAAAAsM/_xB0xEXS4XY/s1600/16751.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ouwq2OISMQI/Uz5sncekscI/AAAAAAAAAsM/_xB0xEXS4XY/s1600/16751.jpg" height="206" width="320" /></a></span></td>
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<td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Credit to C for this wonderful picture</span></td>
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<div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>VLAN Ranges: </b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">0 and 4095 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Reserved ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; For System user only</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Normal ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Cisco Default (Can be used but can’t delete it)</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">2 -1 001 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Normal ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Ethernet VLANs, Create, Use and Delete these VLANs</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">1002 – 1005 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Normal ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Cisco default for FDDI and Token Ring, Cant delete</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">1006 – 4094 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Extended ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; For Ethernet VLANs only</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Types of VLANs:</b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b> ;Default VLANs:</b> All switch port become a member of the default VLAN which makes them all part of same broadcast domain. This allows any network device to connect to any switch port and communicate with each other. It’s technically VLAN 1 and can’t be deleted from the switch. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Data VLANs:</b> This is also called User VLAN which is configured to carry user generated traffic.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Native VLANs</b>: The native VLAN observes and identifies traffic coming from each end of a trunk link. It’s assigned to an 802 IQ trunk port and support traffic coming from many VLANs as well as traffic that do not come from any specific VLAN. Traffic belonging to VLAN is not tagged. You can designate any VLAN as you native on switch as long as its matches on the both ends of the trunk connection. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Voice VLANs:</b> It’s configured to carry voice traffic. The voice VLAN is where the QoS policies are applied in order to priorities this traffic to send it through the LAN.  ;Voice VLANs are mostly given transmission priority over other types of network traffic.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Management VLANs: </b>This is normally used for management of the switch. Any of the switch VLAN could be configured as the management VLAN. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Reserved VLANs: </b>Some VLANs are reserved internally on your switch in order to use them on other environments like FDDI, Token Ring etc. We can’t delete reserved VLANs. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Private VLANs:</b> It’s also known as port isolation (layer 2 isolation between ports) each private VLAN typically contains many private port and single uplink. Private VLANs split the domain into multiple isolated broadcast subdomains. We can call it VLANs inside VLAN. Hosts in different PVLANs still belong to the same IP subnet, but required level 3 device such as router to talk to each other.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>VLANs Configration:</b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">We can configure VLANs in global and configuration mode, the VLAN configuration is saved in “vlan.dat” files. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Important points:</b></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Extended range VLANs can only be configured in global configuration mode. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Before we create VLAN switch must be in in VTP server or VTP transparent mode.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">We need to create backup of vlan.dat file in addition to backing up the running-config </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">and startup config files. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">If the switch is in VLAN transparent mode, use the <span style="color: red;">copy running-config startup-config </span>command to save the VLAN configuration to the startup-config file. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Enter the VLAN with an unsued id to create a VLAN, Enter the vlan command for an existing VLAN to modify the VLAN.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">If we don’t define VLAN type with media keyword, the vlan is an Ethernet VLAN</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: ";Times New Roman";; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">When we delete a VLAN, any LAN ports configured as access ports assigned to that VLAN become inactive. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Create an Ethernet VLAN in global configuration mode:</b></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </b><span style="color: red;">#<b> </b>Configure terminal</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; # vlan [vlan_ID] ; i.e vlan 10</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; # end </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; # exit</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Create an Ethernet VLAN in database mode:</b></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </b><span style="color: red;"># vlan database</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; # vlan 10</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; VLAN 10 added:</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Name: VLAN0010</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; # exit</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>VLAN port Assignemnet:</b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">VLAN are assigned to individual switch ports either by statically or dynamically. All ports are assigned to VLAN1 by default but they can be active only if they are assigned to VLANs that exists on the switch. Static VLAN are assigned by administrator. Dynamic VLANs are assigned to a port based on MAC address of the device plugged into port and dynamic VLAN configration requires a VLAN Membership Policy Server (VMPS), client and database. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">Following example shows how to configure (Static VLAN) an Ethernet interface to join our above created VLAN10 on switch. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">#<span style="color: red;">Configure terminal</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">interface Ethernet 1/9</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">switchport mode access</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">switchport access vlan 10</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">exit</span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://bzia.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/configuring-multiple-vlans-on-one.html">Configuring Multiple VLAN on single switch port: here</a></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Useful Commands:</b></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">show vlan [id or name]</span> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  ;  ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; To display specific VLAN configuration</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">copy running-config startup-config </span> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; To copy/save running configuration into startup </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; configuration.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">copy vlan.dat tftp ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; </span>To backup vlan.dat. </span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">no vlan [vlan-ID]</span> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; To deletes VLAN</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">no switchport access vlan [vlan-id]</span> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; To reset the access mode to the default VLAN</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: small;"># <span style="color: red;">show interface switchport</span> ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Display the administrative and operational status of a port</span></div>
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The Cyber Security, Compliance & Cloud
Cyber Security | Digital Transformation | Cloud Computing
