<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The default editor that comes with the UNIX operating system is called vi (<b>vi</b>sual editor). [Alternate editors for UNIX environments include pico and emacs, a product of GNU.] ; ;</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">vi can be used from any type of terminal because it does not depend on arrow keys and function keys&#8211;it uses the standard alphabetic keys for commands. </span>vi has two modes:</span></span></div>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">command mode</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">insert mode</span></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In command mode, the letters of the keyboard perform editing functions (like moving the cursor, deleting text, etc.). To enter command mode, press the escape <esc> key.</esc></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In insert mode, the letters you type form words and sentences. Unlike many word processors, vi starts up in command mode.</span></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Starting vi</span></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">You may use vi to open an already existing file by typing </span></span></p>
<pre><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> vi filename<br /></span></span></pre>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">where &#8220;filename&#8221; is the name of the existing file. If the file is not in your current directory, you must use the full pathname.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Or you may create a new file by typing</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<pre><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> vi newfilename</span></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ; vi -r filename (Recover a file, being edited before system crashed) </span></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ;</span></span></pre>
<div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ;</span></span>Note:</b> ;</div>
<pre> ;</pre>
<div style="text-align: left;">The cursor moves to bottom of screen whenever a colon (<tt>:</tt>) is typed. This type of command is completed by hitting the <tt><return></return></tt> (or <tt><enter></enter></tt>) key. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;"></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Entering Text</span></span></b></div>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In order to begin entering text in this empty file, you must change from command mode to insert mode. To do this, type</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> i </span></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moving the Cursor</span></span></h2>
<pre><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The cursor is controlled with four keys: h, j, k, l.</span></span></pre>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ;h left one space j down one line k up one line l right one space ;</span></span></p>
<p><b>BASIC EDITING</b></p>
<pre> x delete character<br /> nx delete n characters<br /> X delete character before cursor<br /> dw delete word<br /> ndw delete n words<br /> dd delete line<br /> ndd delete n lines<br /> D delete characters from cursor to end of line<br /> r replace character under cursor<br /> cw replace a word<br /> ncw replace n words<br /> C change text from cursor to end of line<br /> o insert blank line below cursor<br /> (ready for insertion)<br /> O insert blank line above cursor<br /> (ready for insertion)<br /> J join succeeding line to current cursor line<br /> nJ join n succeeding lines to current cursor line<br /> u undo last change<br /> U restore current line<br /></pre>
<p><b>MOVING AROUND IN A FILE</b></p>
<pre> <span style="font-size: small;"> w forward word by word<br /> b backward word by word<br /> $ to end of line<br /> 0 (zero) to beginning of line<br /> H to top line of screen<br /> M to middle line of screen<br /> L to last line of screen<br /> G to last line of file<br /> 1G to first line of file<br /> <control>f scroll forward one screen<br /> <control>b scroll backward one screen<br /> <control>d scroll down one-half screen<br /> <control>u scroll up one-half screen<br /> n repeat last search in same direction<br /> N repeat last search in opposite direction</control></control></control></control></span><br /></pre>
<h2><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Closing and Saving a File</span></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To save the edits you have made, but leave vi running and your file open:</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Press <esc>.</esc></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Type :w</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Press <return>.</return></span></span></li>
</ol>
<h2><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ;Quit and Discard changes</span></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To quit vi, and discard any changes your have made since last saving:</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Press <esc>.</esc></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Type :q!</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Press <return>.</return></span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>

The Cyber Security, Compliance & Cloud
Cyber Security | Digital Transformation | Cloud Computing
